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Portable document Format(PDF)

PDF stands for Portable Document Format. It is a file format for exchange of documents which was designed in 1993 by Adobe. It is a file system which is generally used for the representation of two dimensional objects. THe PDF file contains the complete layout description of the two dimensional object. in its early days was not freely available. But after passage of times Adobe make it available to the users without any cost. Since from 1993 eight different versions of Acrobat Adobe have been released.

PDF 1.0 / Acrobat 1.0 - It was release in 1993

PDF 1.1 / Acrobat 2.0 - It was released in 1994

PDF 1.2 / Acrobat 3.0 - This version was released in 1996

PDF 1.3 / Acrobat 4.0 - Released in 1999

PDF 1.4 / Acrobat 5.0 - It was released in 2001

PDF 1.5 / Acrobat 6.0 - came in market in 2003

PDF 1.6 / Acrobat 7.0 - Available in market in 2005

PDF 1.7 / Acrobat 8.0 - It was released in 2006

PDF 1.7 / Acrobat 9.0 - This was released in 2008

Adobe bears the patent for PDF file system but has given permissions for its use. So anyone can create a PDF application. THe PDF is a combination of three technologies:

Post script Programming language to generate layouts and styles.

Font embedding system so tha fonts can travel within various documents.

A strorage system to combine all the files and the related contents in a single package provided with data compression technique wherever necessary.

PDF File Structure: A PDF file consists of eight data types

Name

String

Boolean

NULL object

Strings

Streams

Dictionaries

Arrays

Two layouts are defined for a PDF file. THe first one is linear layout and the other one is non linear layout. The non linear PDF layouts utilize less disk space than linear layouts. But the disadvantage with non linear layouts is that the access time is more because the data is randomly scattered over the PDF file while the linear layout provides a less time for data access because the data is uniformly scattered in the file.

It is a marketing strategy to sell and buy goods over internet. It is also known as online marketing and online advertising. It is advantageous over traditional marketing techniques in the following respects

One to one strategy: The person who is targeted receives the message on Internet without interference of any other person because generally a person surfs the internet alone. Therefore personal messages can also be send over Internet.

Internet Marketing

Wide range: In offline marketing the market is targeted to the user of a particular age and group whereas in Online market the market has a very broad range.

Advantages of Internet marketing

• It is a cost effective method of business.
• The business results are very fast
• The business statistics can be measured easily and at low cost.

Shortcomings of Internet marketing

• It requires use of new technologies by the customer.
• Slow internet speed can cause problems.
• If the websites are complex then the website loading time is more because of which customers experience delay in the information delivery.
• The user canot touch or see the goods before buying them online.

Security Issues

Security of a message is a major concern for both the company and the buyer. Most of the people do not business online because they are doubtful of their privacy. Encryption is a privacy policy to keep the information personal.

Another problem in online business is that people are not assured of that the product delivered to them will be same as they ordered.

Online marketing has a great influence on the industries such as

Bank: The bank industry has attained a very fast growth from the time it has been online. The online mechanisms suits the bank customers as they need not to go the branches of bank for the money transactions. According to a report in the whole world 44 percent of the transactions are done online.

Film Industry: You can buy any type of film in any language. Besides this you can download free music from the internet. Thus it is boosting Audio, Video and film industry.

Plea market: You can buy anything from a needle to anything you can think of online.

E - business marketing is a marketing strategy in which the communication mechanism between a buyer and a seller occurs over Internet. To be more precise if any e - mail message is sent to a customer then it is a e - business marketing strategy. However in broad terms it refers to

sending messages over internet to the current and existing customer in order to strengthen relationships with customer.

sending messages over internet in order to make a new customer to increase profit.

Advantages of e - buisiness marketing

This method provides a way to send information to large number of people at very low costs.

Internet is a less expensive medium than other traditional methods such as newsletters.

The message delivery time span is veery short(just a few seconds)

E - mail messages can be tracked easily.

Most of the Internet users checks their mail everyday.

It is paper free strategy. chances of human errors are less.

Categories of e - business

E - business marketing can be divided in following categories.

Business to business marketing: In this category the informational messages are exchanged between various business bodies rather than consumer and business. It is sometime called business to government marketing when e-business is done between a company and the government.

Business to consumer marketing: It is a marketing between a company and a consumer. The main advantage of this marketing strategy is that shopping becomes more convenient. The payment for goods and their suply can be done at the sametime.

Business to employee marketing: marketing between a company and its employee is known as business to employee marketing. THE examples of business to employee applications are:

Employee benefits reports.

Corporate policies for employee

Special offers for employee

Special discount offers for employees.

Consumer to consumer: In this srategy a product is sale or purchased with the help of an independent party. This third party charges its commission from the consumers.

Government to business: Marketing between a local and central government is known as government to business marketing.

Government to Citizen marketing: It is a marketing strategy between central and local government and the pulic.